Abstract
In the21st century,education has become increasingly important,and entrepreneurship and inno-vation education models are continuously being innovated to cultivate more comprehensive talents for soci-ety.With the growth in the number of college and postgraduate students,the reform of entrepreneurship andinnovation education models in Chinese universities bears significant responsibilities.Taking the develop-ment of entrepreneurship and innovation education in the United States as an example,they have been aleading model for many years,with early reforms and rich experiences,providing favorable conditions for en-trepreneurship among their college and postgraduate students.This demonstrates that a country’s develop-ment is inseparable from the reform and innovation of entrepreneurship and innovation education.This arti-cle focuses on the reform and innovation of entrepreneurship and innovation education models for postgrad-uates in universities,aiming to provide students with more practical opportunities,stimulate their creativity,and achieve in-depth talent incubation.
Keywords:entrepreneurship and innovation;education model;universities;reform and innovation
Firstly,it is widely known that the countryis vigorously implementing the talent revital-ization plan.For universities,the current maingoal is to actively respond to the national call,emphasizing the combination of cultivatingstudents’innovative spirit and practical abili-ties,and understanding the purpose and de-velopment direction of educational institu-tions.The concept of”mass entrepreneurshipand innovation”is most prevalent in more de-veloped countries,where almost all collegeand postgraduate students have entrepreneur-ial thinking,thereby achieving the goal of na-tional innovation-driven development.Accord-ing to a 2017 statistical report in China,onlyabout 5%of college students and less than 3%of students in higher vocational colleges priori-tize entrepreneurship.This indicates that Chi-na’s entrepreneurship rate is significantlylower than that of developed countries,with a
serious shortage of university graduateschoosing entrepreneurship and a low successrate.
I.Clarifying the Goals of Reform and Innovation in Entrepreneurship and InnovationEducation Models for Postgraduates in Universities
Initially,educational institutions world-wide focused solely on imparting knowledge.With the development of the times,the originalpurpose of universities can no longer meet thecountry’s development needs,leading to re-forms in entrepreneurship and innovation ed-ucation models.In 1973,the concept of entre-preneurship and innovation education modelsemerged in the United States,led by the Na-tional Science Foundation,which funded sev-eral key universities to actively innovate in educational experiments and gradually estab-lished numerous research centers,such as en-trepreneurship centers and technological in-novation research centers.These universitiesbecame cradles for cultivating elites andplayed a significant role in American educa-tion.Looking back at China’s reform and open-ing-up,our great leaders emphasized and ad-vocated for innovative education models in theface of the emerging knowledge economy.Facing the wave of educational economy,uni-versities,as the main force in revitalizing thecountry through science and education,should clarify the goals of reform and innova-tion in entrepreneurship and innovation edu-cation models for postgraduates.
(1)Optimizing Talent Cultivation Mechanisms
The primary goal of reform and innovationin entrepreneurship and innovation educationmodels for postgraduates in universities is tooptimize talent cultivation mechanisms,allow-ing universities to meet strategic goals accord-ing to the needs of cultivating postgraduates atdifferent levels and categories.Since reformand opening-up,many universities have im-plemented innovative educational model re-forms,achieving remarkable results,such asQingdao University.As a key university inShandong Province,its reform and innovationin entrepreneurship and innovation educationmodels for postgraduates are mainly reflectedin short-term study tours as opportunities tostrengthen exchanges and learning with do-mestic and foreign academic institutions.
Simply put,it allows postgraduates to utilizethe university’s resource advantages to con-duct academic visits with postgraduates fromother universities domestically and abroad.Al-though this measure is common now,it brokethe traditional closed cultivation model andmechanism at the time,exercising postgradu-ates’innovative consciousness and abilities toa certain extent,allowing them to learn fromeach other under the advantage of resourcesharing and innovate autonomously in differ-ent environments.This fully aligns with thegoal of reform and innovation in entrepreneur-ship and innovation education models forpostgraduates in universities,which is to pro-vide a better environment for postgraduates’entrepreneurship and innovation through op-timizing talent cultivation mechanisms,there-by cultivating comprehensive talents that meetnational requirements and achieving the edu-cational policy of revitalizing the countrythrough science and education [1].
(2)Relying on Teaching Reform to CultivateMore Innovative Talents
In addition to optimizing talent mecha-nisms,the main measure is to rely on teachingreform to cultivate more innovative talcnts.Foruniversities,teaching is the core work,andteaching activities are inseparable from it.Dis-cussing entrepreneurship and innovation edu-cation models for postgraduates in universitieswithout implementing teaching activities istantamount to talking on paper without practi-cal action,let alone achieving the goals of entrepreneurship and innovation education andteaching.For postgraduates,cultivating theminto innovative talents requires starting withinnovative education.At the national level,postgraduates have significant advantages inentrepreneurship and innovation,but manyare unaware of these.The state has introducednumerous preferential policies to encourageuniversity students to engage in entrepreneur-ship,including financing,business start-up,taxation,entrepreneurship training,and guid-ance.Many local governments also welcomecollege students’entrepreneurship and pro-vide them with convenient conditions.Univer-sities play a role in making postgraduatesaware of these entrepreneurship and innova-tion advantages,planting the seeds of entre-preneurial thinking,raising their awareness ofentrepreneurship and innovation,and therebycultivating more innovative talents [2].
II.Measures for Reform and Innovation inEntrepreneurship and Innovation EducationModels for Postgraduates in Universities
With the increasing educational level,thenumber of college and postgraduate studentsis also growing,bringing more employmentpressure.This forces higher education to raisethe requirements for the abilities and qualitiesof college and postgraduate students.For con-temporary postgraduates,entering higher edu-cation institutions is already an advantage,providing them with good knowledge resourcesin their fields of interest or deep study,whichalso offers the greatest advantage for them to
engage in entrepreneurship and innovation.So,what measures should universities take toencourage postgraduates to engage in autono-mous entrepreneurship and innovation?
(1)Transforming Teaching Concepts
Firstly,postgraduates at this age have sig-nificant advantages in creativity and vitality.As postgraduates in their twenties,they havestrong comprehension abilities and excellentautonomous learning skills after passing thepostgraduate entrance examination.There-fore,they have no significant difficulties in ac-cepting new things,are active in thinking,andhave novel ideas,which become unique advan-tages for postgraduates in entrepreneurshipand innovation.Universities should nurturethese postgraduates’entrepreneurial and in-novative ideas,construct a university atmo-sphere that encourages active practice andbravery in innovation,change their low aware-ness of entrepreneurship and innovation,andtransform teaching concepts,allowing post-gradu ates to engage in autonomous entrepre-neurship and innovation.The main manifesta-tion is for teachers to integrate entrepreneur-ship and innovation concepts throughout theirteaching work during the teaching process andinfluence postgraduates’thinking throughtheir own words and deeds,making studentsunderstand advanced ideas about entrepre-neurship and innovation in their learning con-cepts and laying a foundation for future entre-preneurship.Additionally,teaching activitiesshould cultivate postgraduates’entrepreneur ship and innovation abilities.Through theseteaching plans,students can autonomouslychoose entrepreneurship as an employmentmethod based on their knowledge abilities andentrepreneurship and innovation skills in thefuture.Placing entrepreneurship and innova-tion education at the core position of universi-ties provides students with broader entrepre-neurship and innovation spaces and necessaryconditions [3].
(2)Stre ngthening the Construction of Teach-ing Staff for Entrepreneurship and InnovationEducation
As universities,their souls and mainbodies are the teachers.The reform and inno-vation of entrepreneurship and innovation ed-ucation models for postgraduates in universi-ties are inseparable from the teaching staff forentrepreneurship and innovation.It should beunderstood that higher education is the strate-gic commanding heights of Chinese education,and teachers are the commanding heights ofthese commanding heights.As the main forcein completing the educational tasks of entre-preneurship and innovation,the teachingquality of teachers plays a decisive role.fteachers’entrepreneurship and innovationthinking and vision are not broad enough,their horizons and perspectives will not be at ahigh level,and it will be unnecessary to talkabout achieving the goal of leading postgradu-ates in entrepreneurship and innovation edu-cation.Therefore,teachers should possess en-trepreneurial spirit and enthusiasm that keep
pace with the times,have high theoretical lit-eracy,and possess excellent and advancedteaching methods,so that postgraduates donot feel bored and uninteresting during thelearning process,thereby improving teachingquality and effects.In terms of teaching staff,in addition to hard conditions such as theamount of teaching knowledge reserve andteaching level,it is best to have some practicalexperience.Teachers can impart entrepre-neurship and innovation thinking setting anexample through personal actions during theteaching process,making it easier for studentsto accept.The power of role models can drivestudents to possess innovative spirit and en-thusiasm.Therefore,the development of entre-preneurship and innovation education mustalways revolve around an excellent teachingstaff.Given China’s current situation,thenumber and level of professional teaching stafffor entrepreneurship and innovation educa-tion are far from sufficient.Additionally,teach-ers’theoretical knowledge is not systematicenough,and they lack professional connec-tions and actual entrepreneurial experiencesand experiences.Therefore,strengthening theconstruction of teaching staff is crucial yet ar-duous,and the development of entrepreneur-ship and innovation education must always re-volve around an excellent teaching staff [4].
(3)Strengthening Curriculum Construction
Finally,when vigorously advocating forthe reform and innovation of entrepreneurshipand innovation cducation models,curriculum construction work for entrepreneurship andinnovation education and teaching in univer-sities is inseparable.To enable postgraduatesto stand out in the wave of entrepreneurshipand innovation,curriculum constructionduring their university studies should bestrengthened.In teaching,in addition to clari-fying educational goals,the existing curricu-lum system should be updated and improvedbased on the levels and majors of postgradu-ates,fully excavating resources in professionalcourses that can be used for entrepreneurshipand innovation teaching,and improving thepracticality and applicability of relevant theo-retical knowledge about entrepreneurshipand innovation.Through strengthening thesecourses,students’entrepreneurship and inno-vation abilities can be improved during dailylearning,enabling them to imperceptibly influ-ence accept entrepreneurship and innovationeducation during professional knowledge edu-cation.
III.Conclusion
The reform of entrepreneurship and inno-vation education models for postgraduates inuniversities is an inevitable trend.In thisregard,we should procecd with determination,clarify the goals of educational model reforms,improve the proportion of entrepreneurshipand innovation in China by transformingteaching concepts for postgraduates in univer-sities and perfecting the curriculum system,integrate entrepreneurship and innovationconcepts with daily teaching activities,contin-
uously highlight the importance of entrepre-neurship and innovation,fully stimulate stu-dents’creativity,cultivate entrepreneurialabilities,and ultimately achieve China’s stra-tegic goal of revitalizing the country throughtalent.
References
[1]Liu Jian.Research on the Teaching Reformof Entrepreneurship and Innovation Educa-tion for College Students under the Back-ground of “Mass Entrepre neurship and Inno-vation”-Taking T College as an Example.Modern Communication,2018(17):159-161.
[2]Fan Lin.Research on the Teaching Reformof Entrepreneurship and Innovation Educa-tion in Universities under the Background of”Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation”.Journal of Guangdong Second Normal Univer-sity,2017,37(02):24-28.
