Abstract
In the context of global integration,there are increasingly complex competitive and cooperative re-lationships between countries,and development relies more heavily on talents.Influenced by this era’s pat-tern,China has proposed a strategy for innovation and entrepreneurship education,which has been regard-ed as an important task in higher education.A series of plans and guidance have been implemented,yieldingremarkable results.Especially under the inspiration of Premier Li Keqiang’s spirit of “mass entrepreneurshipand innovation,”there has been a surge of enthusiasm for innovation and entrepreneurship in various fieldsof society,placing higher demands on talents.However,objectively speaking,there are still some shortcom-ings in the current stage of postgraduate innovation and entrepreneurship education.Based on an overviewof innovation and entrepreneurship education,this article analyzes its development status at the postgradu-ate level and explores corresponding improvements.
Keywords:Postgraduate;Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education;Current Status;Improvement
Introduction
Today,innovation and entrepre-neurship education has become a crucial partof China’s higher education reform,a neces-sary choice for driving social and economicgrowth,and holds significant value for build-ing a manufacturing powerhouse and nationalrejuvenation.It also offers new and effectivesolutions to the employment difficulties facedby college students.Innovation and entrepre-neurship education focuses on promoting stu-dents’all-round development,emphasizing thecultivation of students’innovative conscious-ness,innovative spirit,entrepreneurial ability,and practical skills,aiming to cultivate quali-fied innovative and entrepreneurial buildersand successors for socialist modernizationwith Chinese characteristics.
I.Overview of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
(1)Concept
Innovation and entrepreneurship educa-tion is the product of the integration and up-grading of innovation education and entrepre-neurship education,with close interrelation-ships.It takes promoting studentsall-rounddevelopment as the starting point,driving pro-found changes in China’s higher educationfield.Innovation,as the driving force for acountry and nation’s progress,is the key toachieving leapfrog development.It is defined inthe MBA Encyclopedia as “the process andresult of human beings continuously expand-ing their cognition and behavior of the objec-tive world and themselves to meet their ownneeds.”Academically,it is defined as a conceptand ideology,including innovative conscious-ness,innovative spirit,and innovative think-ing.Re levant education also emphasizes the cultivation of comprehensive abilities such asobservation,hands-on skills,communication,and collaboration.Broadly speaking,entrepre-neurship education refers to the cultivation ofindividuals with pioneering spirit,makingthem possess entrepreneurship,explorationspirit,risk-taking spirit,and the necessarywork abilities,technical knowledge,socialmanagement,and other comprehensive quali-ties required in the entrepreneurial process.Innovation is the foundation of entrepreneur-ship,and entrepreneurship is the result of in-novation.The two drive each other and arecrucial for cultivating qualified builders andsuccessors for socialist modernization.Inno-vation and entrepreneurship education targetsall students,emphasizing the bidirectionalcultivation of innovative consciousness andentrepreneurial ability.Its original intention isnot necessarily for every student to start abusiness but rather to enhance their overallquality.
(2)Characteristics
Compared to traditional exam-orientededucation,innovation and entrepreneurshipeducation represents a breakthrough andpresents multiple characteristics,achievingdeep-level reforms.Specifically,it not only fo-cuses on students’basic knowledge reservesbut also emphasizes the transformation oftheir consciousness,guiding students frompassive job seekers to active job creators oreven job creators themselves,effectively align-ing with the needs of economic market devel-
opment.At the same time,innovation and en-trepreneurship education pays attention to thetraining of students’abilities and qualities,in-cluding autonomous learning ability and theability to solve practical problems,highlightingthe integration of theory and practice.Its con-tent structure is richer,including entrepre-neur ial planning,innovative activity manage-ment,enterprise growth strategies,and it hasderived supporting institutions such as inno-vation and entrepreneurship research centersand practice bases,gathering a large amountof high-quality resources and vigorously pro-moting the healthy development of higher edu-cation.Additionally,innovation and entrepre-neurship education cultivates a new culturalatmosphere with its own operating mecha-nism,demonstrating strong internal drivingforce,innovation,creativity,practicality,andother characteristics,sparking positive enthu-siasm from all sectors of society.Furthermore,it has the characteristic of value diversifica-tion,exerting efforts from the levels of nationalneeds,personal growth,and tcchnological de-velopment,determining the inevitability of thisundertaking’s progress.
(3)Value
The Ministry of Education pointed out inthe “Opinions on Vigorously Promoting Inno-vation and Entrepreneurship Education inColleges and Universities and EncouragingCollege Students to Start Their Own Busi-nesses”that “carrying out innovation and en-trepreneurship education in colleges and universities and actively encouraging college stu-dents to start their own businesses are majorstrategic measures for the education system todeeply study and practice the scientific out-look on development and serve the construc-tion of an innovative country.It is an import-ant way to deepen the reform of higher educa-tion teaching,cultivate students’innovativespirit and practical ability.It is also an import-ant measure to promote the full employment ofcollege graduates by creating jobs through en-trepreneurship.”From this perspective,inno-vation and cntrepreneurship education hasextraordinary value significance at both themacro and micro levels,for national develop-ment or personal growth.As an important ed-ucational policy,it should be earnestly imple-mented.Especially for postgraduates,underthe previous educational structure,there hasbeen a greater emphasis on theoretical learn-ing,with weak comprehensive practical abili-ties,limiting their progress in their profession-al fields.According to Marxist philosophy,ideological emancipation is the forerunner ofsocial change,and social change,in turn,practices revolutionary theories.Theory andpractice are a unified entity with complex in-terrelationships,with innovation as the foun-dation.Only in this way can remarkable re-search achievements be created and effectivelyapplied to social development.From this di-mension,postgraduate innovation and entre-preneurship education is an indispensablepart of their growth path.
II.Current Status of Postgraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
(1)Achievements
Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that it isnecessary to set off a new wave of “mass entre-preneurship”and “grassroots entrepreneur-ship”across the 9.6 million square kilometersof land,forming a new trend of “mass innova-tion”and “everyone innovating.”Based on thisera’s spirit,governments at all levels,enter-prises,and colleges and universities have col-laborated to create a favorable developmentenvironment for postgraduate innovation andentrepreneurship education,achieving re-markable results.In fact,in accordance withrelevant documents such as the “State Coun-cil’s Opinions on Further Doing a Good Job inEmployment and Entrepreneurship Workunder the New Stuation”and the “GeneralOffice of the State Council’s Opinions on Deep-ening the Reform of Innovation and Entrepre-neurship Education in Colleges and Universi-ties,”local governments have combined actualconditions to successively introduce a series ofsupporting policies,including tax incentives,training subsidies,and entrepreneurial ser-vices,effectively stimulating postgraduates’enthusiasm for innovation and entrepreneur-ship and laying a foundation for their activeparticipation in relevant educational activities.At the same time,under the pattern of indus-try-university-research integration,the conno-tation of school-enterprise cooperation hascontinuously expanded and deepened,inte-grating a large amount of high-quality resources and jointly developing projects such as in-novation and entrepreneurship incubationbases,strongly supporting postgraduate inno-vation and entrepreneurship education prac-tice.Additionally,colleges and universitieshave taken the opportunity of “doublefirst-class”construction,adhering to the goalof cultivating first-class talents with first-classmajors,continuously optimizing the postgrad-uate innovation and entrepreneurship educa-tion system,gathering high-end faculty,devel-oping school-based courses,etc.,yieldingfruitful results.
(2)Problems
1.Weak Motivational ConsciousnessAt thecurrent stage,influenced by long-term tradi-tional examoriented education,many teach-ers and students have not yet broken free fromthe fixed mindset,still focusing on theoreticallearning.This has led to innovation and entre-preneurship education activities being superficial,failing to form a strong cultural atmo-sphere,with related events being rare.There isstill significant room for progress in the future.In the specific work process,some supervisorsplace more emphasis on the projects they un-dertake,paying insufficient attention to thequality of education.Postgraduates oftenengage in project research upon enteringschool,effectively becoming “senior laborers,”seriously affecting their interest in innovationand entrepreneurship and making related ed-ucational activities difficult to sustain.At thesame time,as the main body of innovation and
entrepreneurship education,postgraduatesgenerally face heavy tasks within limited studytime,including completing their studies,par-ticipating in supervisors’projects,and pub-lishing academic achievements,making it diffi-cult to spare energy for innovation and entre-preneurship.Their overall educational enthu-siasm is not high,and their motivational con-sciousness is weak.According to relevant in-terview results,45%of postgraduates believethat their daily academic and research tasksare heavy and stressful,leaving them with in-sufficient time and energy to invest in other as-pects.Weak motivational consciousness di-rectly reduces the effectiveness of postgradu-ate innovation and entrepreneurship educa-tion.
2.Shortage of Supporting ResourcesPost-graduate innovation and entrepreneurship ed-ucation is a complex and systematic projectthat requires multi-faceted resource support,including faculty,platforms,and funding.Among them,teachers are the leaders in post-graduate innovation and entrepreneurship ed-ucation,and their comprehensive quality andperformance directly affect the effectiveness ofsuch activities.At the current stage,manyuniversities have insufficient construction ofpostgraduate supervisory teams,with a short-age of high-end talents.Many graduates enterthe profession directly,lacking innovative con-sciousness and entrepreneurial experience.This leads to teaching processes being mostlyorganized through inductive analysis,withlimited energy focused on academic guidance,unable to meet the needs of postgraduate in-novation and entrepreneurship education.Atthe same time,more than half of postgradu-ates believe that funding shortages are the big-gest difficulty they encounter in the innovationand entrepreneurship process and hope to re-ceive help from the school,including entrepre-neurial incubation platforms and policy con-sulting.However,objectively speaking,thereare still relatively few innovation and entrepre-neurship practice platforms serving postgrad-uates,developing slowly compared to thegrowing needs of postgraduates.The develop-ment of second-classroom platforms is insuffi-cient,dampening postgraduates’enthusiasmfor innovation and entrepreneurship educa-tion.Without sufficient resource support,postgraduate innovation and entrepreneur-ship education can only be superficial.
3.Insufficient Curriculum DepthCurrently,post graduate innovation and entrepreneur-ship education has not yet established a sys-tematic,scientific,and standardized curricu-lum system.It is mostly presented as optionalcourses,with postgraduates coming into con-tact with relatively basic and fragmentedknowledge that is not closely aligned with pro-fessional courses,limiting their furthergrowth.Compared to ordinary undergraduatestudents,postgraduates have undergonelonger periods of study,with thick knowledgefoundations and profound professional attain-ments.The core focus of innovation and entre-preneurship education for postgraduatesshould be on ability and quality training,but
there are relatively few practical operationcases,weakening their participation interest.At the same time,innovation and entrepre-neurship ultimately point to practice,with theintention of serving socialist modernizationwith Chinese characteristics.However,the ex-isting curriculum structure development inuniversities has insufficient alignment withthe economic market and is disconnected fromactual needs,greatly increasing the difficultyof incubating postgraduate innovation and en-trepreneurship projects and making it difficultto obtain strong support from social resources.Additionally,many universities in China havenot yet formulated clear innovation and entre-preneurship talent cultivation standards,andthe postgraduate evaluation mechanism is im-perfect,with journal publications as a key in-dicator,providing insufficient objective andcomprehensive feedback on their actual per-formance.This leaves the next steps in educa-tional work deployment without direction.
I.Suggestions for Improving Postgraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
(1)Increase Policy Publicity and Cultivate aStrong Culture
The 18th CPC National Congress’s FifthPlenary Session pointed out,”Adhering to in-novative development,we must place innova-tion at the core position in the overall develop-ment of the country.”During the “14thFive-Year Plan”period,China is in a peakperiod of technological innovation,with significant improvements in scientific and technolog-ical contribution rates.However,at the sametime,independent innovation capabilities arestill weak,the current situation of relying onimported key technologies has not changed,and intellectual property protection is insuffi-cient.Innovation and entrepreneurship,as animportant strategic deployment task of thecountry,have also issued a series of guidingand supportive policies.Therefore,it is neces-sary to further increase publicity of nationalstrategic guidelines,popularize the awarenessof innovation and entrepreneurship educationpolicies among universities and teachers andstudents at all levels,start from a high-levelperspective,focus on the future of the nation,strengthen top-level design for related work,organize and carry out diversified practical ac-tivities,fill the entire campus space with an in-novation and entrepreneurship culture,active-ly influence contemporary college students’perceptions,and make them actively partici-pate.At the same time,fully rely on ideologicaland political education to enhance postgradu-ates’patriotic feelings and democratic con-sciousness,regard innovation and entrepre-neurship as an important means of contribut-ing to socialist modernization with Chinesecharacteristics,make them actively temperthemselves,and put innovation and entrepre-neurship into practice.
(2)Gather Multi-faceted Support and Im-prove Implementation Conditions
1.Material SupportTo smoothly promote the implementation of postgraduate innovationand entrepreneurship education,universitiesshould take the initiative to align with post-graduates’needs,combine their own actualconditions,establish and improve relevantsupporting systems,moderately increase ex-penditures on a series of activities,allocatespecial funds for support,actively introduceadvanced technological equipment,and con-tinuously improve material conditions,therebystimulating postgraduates’activity.In thisprocess,facing the resource dilemma of inno-vation and entrepreneurship education in uni-versities,give full play to the government’sleading role,further expand the coverage andintensity of preferential policies,unite with fi-nancial service entities to research and inno-vate in financial services for college students’innovation and entrepreneurship,promote theentrepreneurial transformation of research re-sults,enhance postgraduates’confidence,andenable them to better participate in related ed-ucational activities.Additionally,under thepattern of industry-university-research inte-gration,further deepen the connotation con-struction of school-enterprise cooperation,take innovation and entrepreneurship educa-tion as a starting point,jointly build platformssuch as innovation and entrepreneurship re-search centers and innovation and entrepre-neurship incubation centers,integratehigh-quality resources from both sides,indthe balance of interests between them,anddrive economic and social developmentthrough high-quality educational projects.This is conducive to achieving a win-win situation for schools,enterprises,and studentsand is a key support for the continuous refine-ment of postgraduate innovation and entrepre-neurship education in China.
2.Faculty SupportEducation is the founda-tion of a great nation,and teachers are thefoundation of education.General Secretary XiJin ping once profoundly pointed out,”En-countering a good teacher is a person’s luck inlife,having good teachers is a school’s glory,and a nation continuously emerging withbatch after batch of good teachers is the na-tion’s hope.”Postgraduate innovation and en-trepreneurship education relies on high-quali-ty teachers to continuously enrich the compo-sition of the organizational team,gather vari-ous intellectual elements,and jointly create anew situation in postgraduate innovation andentrepreneurship education.In this regard,onthe one hand,facing the highly open and freeeconomic market,attract the influx of busi-ness elites in an exclusive and part-timemanner,fully utilize their advantages in inno-vation and entrepreneurship experience,makeup for the shortcomings of professional practi-tioners,and provide more comprehensive anddetailed answers and solutions for postgradu-ates.On the other hand,organize and carryout diversified themed teaching and researchactivities,timely update teachers’ideologicalconcepts,strengthen their motivational con-sciousness,continuously enrich their knowl-edge structure,and build a good internal inter-active platform to create a “teacher communi-ty,”promoting the sharing of innovation and
entrepreneurship and innovation and entre-preneurship education experience,enablingthem to better serve postgraduates’growthwith full enthusiasm and professional abilities.
(3)Focus on the Integration of Theory andPractice and Improve the CurriculumSystem
1.Embed in Other CoursesPostgraduate in-novation and entrepreneurship education hasa positive and far-reaching impact on individu-al growth and should be organically embeddedin the university’s educational system,focus-ing on coupling with other courses to generatean ecological pattern of “three-dimensional ed-ucation,”which is conducive to further en-hancing its value output.Specifically,couplingwith ideological and political education,care-fully analyze the current market economy situ-ation,establish students’correct outlooks onlife,values,and careers,guide them to makegood career development plans,clarify the im-portance and necessity of innovation and en-trepreneurship,effectively activate their inno-vative and entrepreneurial consciousness,andlay a foundation for deeper educational activi-ties.At the same time,couple with profession-al courses,based on scientific methods andguidance,subtly implant innovation and en-trepreneurship elements,and guide studentsto find entrepreneurial opportunities based ontheir own professional backgrounds,creatingan open and free dynamic environment,honing their good thinking abilities,coopera-tion abilities,expression abilities,and abilities to solve practical problems.Only with suffi-cient knowledge and skill support can suc-cessful innovation and entrepreneurship beachieved,which is a process of continuous in-ternalization and upgrading.
2.Innovate Specialized CoursesA completespecialized course structure for postgraduateinnovation and entrepreneurship educationshould include objectives,content,methods,evaluation,etc.In the new era,universitiesshould not only value postgraduate innovationand entrepreneurship education but also em-phasize the scientific nature of methods andapproaches,earnestly implement the party’seducational policies,conduct in-depth marketdemand research in the economy,identify thedirection of work organization,clarify andrefine educational objectives,and thenstrengthen the construction of school-basedcourses in a targeted manner,enriching theircontent composition,thereby laying a founda-tion for the implementation of activities in thenext stage.At the same time,in the practice ofpostgraduate innovation and entrepreneur-ship education,emphasize the leading role ofthe integrated thinking concept of theory andpractice,respect students’subject status,begood at utilizing multimedia teaching,case-based teaching,and other methods andpaths to enhance the vividness and percepti-bility of knowledge transmission.appropriatelyand timely introduce supervisors’projects tohelp them accumulate experience in daily ac-tivities.Additionally,further deepen the reformof the postgraduate learning evaluation mech-
anism,organically combine formative evalua-tion with summative evaluation,allocate cor-responding indicator weights,and pay atten-tion to collecting postgraduates’feedbackopinions or suggestions in real-time,earnestlyreflecting on innovation and entrepreneurshipeducation practice,continuously discoveringand solving problems,thereby promoting theoptimization of postgraduate innovation andentrepreneurship education.
Conclusion:
In summary,postgraduate innovation andentrepreneurship education has multiple as-pects of value significance output,and itsprogress in China at the current stage hasbeen rapid,creating many remarkableachievements.However,objectively speaking,influenced by multiple factors,many problemsare still exposed in the practice of postgradu-ate innovation and entrepreneurship educa-tion,manifested as weak motivational con-sciousness,shortage of supporting resources,insufficient curriculum depth,etc.In thefuture,it is necessary to adhere to this as theorientation,combine actual conditions,andcollaborate with governments,enterprises,and universities to continuously improve sup-port conditions and maximize the comprehen-sive and healthy development of postgradu-ates
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